Marcasite

Crystal system · Orthorhombic

Marcasite is a sulfide mineral known for its striking metallic crystals, with known Chinese sources.

Marcasite specimen
Photo: Didier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons

Marcasite is iron sulfide with the same chemistry as pyrite but a different structure — paler, often in cockscomb crystals, and prone to crumbling over time.

About Marcasiteextended article

Elemental Composition (by mass)
ElementMass %Visual
S Sulfur53.45%
Fe Iron46.55%
Computed from simplified end-member formula. Solid-solution series, water content, and trace substitutions cause real-world variation.
IMA Abbreviation (Whitney-Evans 2010)
Mrc
→ Marcasite
Orthorhombic FeS₂
Standard symbol from American Mineralogist (Whitney & Evans, 2010). Used in thin-section labeling, phase diagrams, and IMA-style species records.
⏳ Long-term Aging & Care Timeline
pyrite disease (aggressive)months to years
Trigger: humidity > 50%
Intervention: Faster than pyrite. Crystal disintegrates to yellow powder + acidic residue. Dry storage essential.
Pseudomorph Relationships
Replaced by — this mineral commonly becomes:
Limonite replacement
Marcasite oxidizes faster than pyrite due to crystal structure — friable limonite results.
Worldwide; storage problem for collectors.
A pseudomorph (Greek "false form") is a mineral with the external shape of another species — the chemistry has changed but the crystal habit is inherited.
Care notesSame as pyrite — humidity-sensitive. Full cleaning guide →
PolymorphsShares the formula FeS2 with: Pyrite — same chemistry, different crystal structure.
Mohs 6–6.5
Vickers (~) 820 HV
Knoop (~) 870 HK
Geological setting
Sedimentary
Element composition by mass

Formula: FeS₂ · molar mass: 119.97 g/mol

S 53.45%
Fe 46.55%

Computed from atomic weights (IUPAC 2021). Site-occupancy groups (Fe,Mn) split equally.

Mohs Hardness 6–6.5

Marcasite sits at 6–6.5 on the Mohs scale — just hard enough to scratch glass.

Colors:
Streak
Greenish-black
Crystal system
Orthorhombic
Sulfides & SulfosaltsSulfides
TL;DR · 1 min read
Marcasite (FeS₂) is the orthorhombic dimorph of pyrite (cubic FeS₂) — same chemistry, different crystal structure. It forms in sedimentary low-temperature environments (coal seams, organic-rich shales) and oxidizes more readily than pyrite, producing characteristic "pyrite disease" disintegration in collections.

Marcasite (FeS₂) is the orthorhombic dimorph of pyrite (cubic FeS₂) — same chemistry, different crystal structure. It forms in sedimentary low-temperature environments (coal seams, organic-rich shales) and oxidizes more readily than pyrite, producing characteristic “pyrite disease” disintegration in collections. Cockscomb spear-cluster habits are diagnostic.

More minerals to explore

About Marcasite

Marcasite is classified as a sulfide mineral in the marcasite group and has the chemical formula FeS2. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and has a distinctive metallic presence in any collection.

Identification & care

Crystals commonly develop as tabular, lenticular crystals; 'cockscomb' twins; 'spear' twins; nodular; stalactitic; often replaces fossils. Its color is typically pale yellow, tin-white and brass-yellow (paler and more silvery than pyrite). The luster is metallic, splendent, the streak is dark gray to black, and specimens are typically opaque. The cleavage is distinct on {101}. The fracture is uneven, which aids identification.

Collector context

Collector notes

In the metallic-crystal category, Marcasite is a consistent target for serious collectors. Marcasite is widely represented across Chinese provinces, including Fujian, Gansu, Anhui, Guangdong.

Frequently asked questions

What is Marcasite?

Marcasite is a sulfide mineral known for its striking metallic crystals, with known Chinese sources.

What is the chemical formula of Marcasite?

The chemical formula of Marcasite is FeS2.

What crystal system does Marcasite belong to?

Marcasite crystallises in the Orthorhombic crystal system.

References & databases

Mindat.org is the world’s largest open mineralogy database. Our descriptions are written independently and fact-checked.